English Premier League (Barclays Premier League)

Hearing the name of Chelsea,Arsenal, Liverpool, Manchester City, Manchester United, Newcastle United, certainly is not foreign to the ears of ordinary people, not to mention the supporters or the ball maniac. Indeed, a series of earlier name is the name of a popular soccer club from the British mainland. To add knowledge about English football then the following overview of the History of English Football League.

At 100-500 BC the Romans spread some communities harpastrum game in Europe. It is characterized by an important event that is the match between British soldiers defeated the Roman armies. Other historical records show that in 1100 the game of football in the UK mainland is done by brutal and no rules are arranged so that by the year 1314 King Edward II banned football and this prohibition to continue by King Edward III in 1369.

Italy in 1500 and in 1561 found calcio a man named Richard Mulcaster adopt calcio from Florence and made these subjects in elementary schools and secondary education in England. In 1572 Queen Elizabeth I again forbade football again, and even threaten the people who insisted on playing with jail.

About two hundred years later, Joseph Strutt (1700 AD) wrote the book The Sports and Pastimes of the People England. This book explains the rules of football that must consist of two teams with their respective number of players together. Both teams have to scramble the ball to be able to put it into the opponent's goal. A named Mulcaster campaigning football game that is not brutal. The game can even be played by women and children because it is useful to add strength and fitness.

The concept of the book Strutt then used as a reference in the preparation of modern football rules and can underlie the birth of the Football Association in England on October 26, 1863 by a number 11 football clubs. From this was born the term soccer organization, the abbreviation word association. Charles Wreford Brown, student at Oxford, found accidentally this term when asked people whether he was a rugby player (rugger), a sport more popular there. Brown replied, "No, I'am soccer."

While the term football first mentioned in the prohibitions of the kings from the 17th century as Fute-ball, and then popularized also by the famous British playwright, William Shakespeare. The game was later spread to several British colonies and thrive in the modern age of mass.

As if no one denied that the Premiership is one of the best league on earth to the present era. Of course competing with the popularity of the Italian league, Spanish and German. In the English Premier League populated by soccer players are awarded world-class talent and world popularity, though most not from the original English.

English Premier League football primer followed by a number of 20 clubs in the court's leading soccer league English football. From historical records, the league was founded in 1992, when the number of top football clubs broke away from the football league with a lucrative contract with several television stations.

English Premier League (Premier League, FA Premier League old name) by the general public is also called the Barclays Premiership in the UK and the Barclays Premier League internationally. This league is a competition between English football club which is the main class of the many English football league structure, so therefore it becomes the primary football competition in England.

From some 20 clubs league participants who competed in the Premier League in one round of the season each club to do a game against another club two times a game. Ie once in their stadium (home base stage) and once again in place of his opponent (away).

With a total of 38 matches for all club participants will generate a total 380 matches. At each end of the season, a number of the bottom three clubs will be subject to the rules of degradation, while the top four clubs will enter the Champions League zone to compete for the Champions Cup.

For the three top clubs go straight, while the club ranked 4 and 5 go through the preliminary round (play-off). For the club to-5 ranking will go straight to the main league competition for the UEFA Cup. To order the 18-20 club will be relegated to the Championship division and the position will be replaced by the club rankings Championship Division 1-2 of the primary gain promotion to the English league.



Competition

A total of 20 clubs competing in the Premiership. Each season, each club against other clubs each twice. Once in their stadium (home staging) and once again in place of his opponent. A total of 38 games for each club to make a total of 380 games in the Premiership. Each end of the season, three clubs relegated to the bottom and four top clubs enter the Champions League to compete for the Champions Cup. The top three clubs entered automatically, while the order of the 4th entry through the play-offs. Club on the order of the 5th major league going into competition for the UEFA Cup. Club in order to-6 and 7 can also enter the UEFA Cup competition depends on the situation of two other domestic competitions. Medium order of 18-20 will be relegated club to the Division Championship and will be replaced by the club ranked 1-2 of Division Championship and the club's automatic promotion from Division Championship 3-6 ratings that fight a ticket left.


Sponsorship

Since 1992, the English Premier League has a sponsorship. Sponsor reserves the right to add his name in the name of the league. Here is a list of sponsors in the UK league.

* 1992-1993: Barclays
* 1993-2001: Carling (FA Carling Premiership)
* 2001-present: Barclays (Barclays Premiership, from 2001-2004, known as the Barclaycard Premiership)

La Liga Primera Division (Liga de futbol profesional)

Football Competition is studded Mega Stars like Lionel Messi, Cristiano Ronaldo, David Villa, Ricardo Kaka, Iker Casillas, Gonzalo Higuain and many other soccer star player and coach, a brilliant young coach like Jose Mourinho, Pep Guardiola, unay Emery.

Spanish League or Liga de Futbol Professional ("Professional Football League"), commonly known as the La Liga or the Primera División is the highest football league in Spain. Founded in 1929, this league regularly entered the annual competition. At present, there are 20 teams that joined the team in it. The team that won the most up to is Real Madrid with 31 times followed by FC Barcelona with 20 times. There are only three teams in the history of La Liga that has not been degraded, namely Real Madrid, FC Barcelona and Athletic Bilbao.

Spanish League has strict rules in Spain, and transfers between the teams is much more limited than in Britain. Spain and EU players can not switch between teams in the same division during a season, and teams still register first team squad of 25 players the entire soccer year. A window but not open for one month from mid-December allowing players who did not play more than say four games for their clubs in the season to be transferred. The first team players wearing numbers one to 25, and juniors are numbered from 26 onwards. Non-EU players is limited to four per squad since the season 2000/2001, with only three allowed in the playground at the same time. This will be reduced in future years.

UEFA Champion League History

UEFA Champions League (in English: UEFA Champions League) is an annual football Club championships between clubs in European football's most successful, and often regarded as a trophy in the level of the most prestigious clubs in Europe.


History

This championship was first coined by one of the French sports magazine. Cup-shaped trophy is nicknamed "The Big Ears" (Big Ears), and the first trophy different from what is now contested (made by Stadellman). Cup being contested right now is the 6th edition. At first championship trophy named European Club Champions Cup or the European Champion Clubs' Cup, which is usually abbreviated to European Cup (European Cup, and differs from the European Cup as it is known in Indonesia today which refers to the European Championship). This championship began in the 1955/56 season using two-leg knockout, ie each team plays two games, one away and one at home, and the team with the highest average score advance to the next round. Only the league championship teams in each country, plus the champion at that time, the right to join this competition.

New Format

The format and the name was later changed to the 1992/93 season. From then on, the championship has three qualifying rounds, one round of group competition (the teams play in the form of "away-cage" like a regular competition), and then the final four by knockout. All qualifying and knockout matches to be held with the two-leg, except the final which is a single match held in a place designated by UEFA.

Top Holders

Real Madrid CF have won this competition nine times and became the largest in all of Europe. The teams are the next most successful was the AC Milan (7-time champion), Liverpool FC (5 times champion), FC Bayern Munich and AFC Ajax (4-time champion), Manchester United, Internazionale Milan and FC Barcelona (3 time champion)


About Champions League

Music that accompanies the beginning of each broadcast television this championship composed by Tony Britten, based on a song composed by George Frideric Handel's Zadok the Priest entitled, and performed by the Chorus of the Academy of St. Martin in the Fields and the Royal Philharmonic Orchestra.

Especially for a team that never won the Champions League is at least 5 times in a row or 3 times in a row, on the left sleeve of the Champions League will have a logo and writing the number of trophies collected. Ajax are like for example, because the champion in 1971, 1972 and 1973 on the left sleeve there is the Champions League logo accompanied by a number of trophies earned.

The team, wearing the logo on the arm of Champions: Real Madrid (champions 9 times), AC Milan (champion 7 times), Liverpool (5 times champion), Bayer Munich (winner 74, 75 and 76) and Ajax (won 71, 72, and 73).

In the last 19 seasons, only one team that successfully defended the Champions League title (then the format and its name is still the Champions Cup) for two consecutive seasons, namely AC Milan at that time was predicated The Dream Team. Milan is also the only team in the 15 last season that won the final by 3 times in a row (1993, 1994 (champion), and 1995).

At the end of the 2004/05 season there are problems. Champions League winners Liverpool in the season qualify directly to the qualifying round next season, but Liverpool in the domestic league was ranked fifth. Everton, which is ranked 4th protest, so that Liverpool and Everton remain joined the Champions League next season (Everton through qualifying) and the UK also have five teams into the Champions League (the most in a single country).

Qualification

Qualification for the Champions League is determined by the position of the teams in the domestic league and through the quota system, the countries that have a stronger domestic leagues are given more space. Clubs that play in stronger domestic leagues also began to participate in a more final round. For example, the three strongest leagues, according to UEFA's rankings, will see the champion and runner-up straight into a round group stage, and ranked third and fourth entry in the third qualifying round. There are exceptions to this rule; defending champions automatically qualify for the Champions League group stage, regardless of the final position in the domestic league. In the rotation Champions league clubs fight fiercely to occupy the top position so it is worth taking part of this championship.

All About AC Milan Footbal Club

Associazione Calcio Milan Italy (called AC Milan or Milan only) is an Italian football club based in Milan. They play with a red-striped uniform of black and white pants (sometimes black), so nicknamed rossoneri ("red-blacks"). Milan is the second most successful team in the history of Football Club Italy, winning the Serie A Italian Cup 17 times and five times.

The club was founded in 1899 under the name Cricket and Football Club Milan (Milan Cricket and Football Club) by Alfred Edwards, a British expatriate. As a tribute to its origins, Milan still use the English spelling of the name of the city (Milan) instead of using the Italian spelling Milano.

History (1899 to date)

Formed early

The club was founded by two British expatriates, namely Herbert Kilpin and Alfred Edwards under the name Cricket and Football Club in Milan on December 16, 1899. At that time, Edwards became the first club president Milan and Kilpin became the first team captain of Milan. Winter 1901, Milan won his first title as the Italian soccer champions, after beating Genoa CFC 3-0 in the Italian Football Championship final. In 1908, some players from Italy and the players from Switzerland who do not like the Italians and British dominance in the core of Milan's squad at the time, broke away from Milan and Internazionale form.

Period GreNoLi

In the decade of the 50s, Milan feared in world football field because it has GreNoLi trio, which consisted of Gunnar Gren, Gunnar Nordahl and Nils Liedholm. All three are players from Sweden. Gren and Nordahl sector operates in front as a striker, while supporting the attack as an attacker Liedholm shadow (playmaker). The team at this time also inhabited by a group of quality players in his era, such as Lorenzo Buffon, Cesare Maldini, and Carlo Annovazzi. The victory by the most successful AC Milan Juventus created February 5, 1950, with the score 7-1, and Gunnar Nordahl scored a hat-trick.

Nereo Rocco Era

Milan won the 1961/1962 season. His coach at that time was Nereo Rocco, an innovative football coach, known as the inventor of Catenaccio tactics (defense latch / plated). In the team includes Gianni Rivera and José Altafini which are both still young. The next season, with goals Altafini, Milan won their first European Cup (later known as the UEFA Champions League) by beating Benfica 2-1. This is also the first time an Italian team won the European Cup.

Even so, during the 1960's trophy Milan began to shrink, mainly because of heavy opposition from the Inter-trained Helenio Herrera. Next Scudetto arrived only in 1967/1968, thanks to goals Pierino Prati, top scorer in Serie A season, the Cup Winners Cup been won when they beat Hamburger SV, and also thanks to two goals from Kurt Hamrin. The next season AC Milan won the second European Cup (4-1 to AFC Ajax), and in 1969 won the first Intercontinental Cup, after defeating Estudiantes de La Plata from Argentina in a dramatic two-leg (3-0, 1-2).


Tenth Scudetto and Series B

In 1970, Milan won the Coppa Italia three titles and the Cup Winners' Cup second, however, Milan's main goal is the tenth Scudetto, which means getting "stars" for the team (in Italy, every team that won 10 league titles embeddable get a star on his shirt .) In 1972 they won the UEFA Cup semifinals, losing to the real winners, Tottenham Hotspur. 1972/1973 season they almost won the scudetto kesepulh, but failed because of the less painful than Hellas Verona FC in the last game of the season. AC Milan waited until the 1978/1979 season to reach their tenth scudetto, led by Gianni Rivera, who retired from football after leading his team to win it.

However, the worst comes to the "Rossoneri": after winning the 1979/1980 season, Milan were relegated to Serie B by FIGC, with SS Lazio, because the gambling scandal Totonero 1980. In 1980/1981, Milan won the Serie B with ease, and return to Serie A, where the disease is repeated in the 1981/1982 season, Milan were relegated again.



The Dream Team

The arrival of Berlusconi

After a string of hit Milan's problems, and make the club losing success, AC Milan was bought by Italian entrepreneur, Silvio Berlusconi. Berlusconi's Milan is a ray of hope at the time. He came in 1986. Berlusconi brought a new coach for Milan, Arrigo Sacchi, and three Dutch players, Marco van Basten, Frank Rijkaard and Ruud Gullit, to return the team to glory. He also bought other players, like Roberto Donadoni, Carlo Ancelotti, and Giovanni Galli.

Sacchi era

Sacchi won the Serie A season 1987-1988. In 1988-1989, Milan won the Champions League title three, defeating Steaua Bucharest 4-0 at the final, and his second Intercontinental Cup defeat National de Medellin (1-0, goals are created in the last extension of time). The team began to repeat their triumph in the next seasons, beating SL Benfica, and Olimpia Asunción in 1990. Squad for their European victories are:

Goalkeepers: Giovanni Galli
Defender: Mauro Tassotti - Alessandro Costacurta - Franco Baresi - Paolo Maldini
Midfielders: Angelo Colombo - Frank Rijkaard - Carlo Ancelotti - Roberto Donadoni
Striker: Ruud Gullit - Marco van Basten

Capello era

Fabio Capello

When Sacchi left Milan to train Italy, Milan coach Fabio Capello made the next, and Milan won its golden ages as Gli Invicibli (The Invicibles) and Dream Team. With 58 matches without a single defeat Invicibli make dream team in all sectors like Baresi, Costacurta, Maldini and lead the best defense, Marcel Desailly, Donadoni, and Ancelotti in the midfield, and Dejan Savićević, Zvonimir Boban, and Daniele Massaro playing in front of the sector. At the time these were trained Capello, Milan never stopped to Indonesia in the framework of a tour of seasonal and against local club Persib Bandung. The match which starts at Bung Karno Main Stadium on June 4, 1994 Milan won a landslide victory with a score of 8-0. Milan's winning goal scored by Dejan Savićević ('17) ('18), Gianluigi Lentini ('26), Paolo Baldieri ('27) ('48) ('58), Christian Antigori ('68), and Stefano Desideri.

The period of hard times (Tabarez to Terim)

1996-1997

After the departure of Fabio Capello in 1996, Oscar Washington Tabarez Milan recruit but hard struggle under his control was less successful, and they always lose in a few games early. In an attempt to regain past glory, they called back Arrigo Sacchi to replace Tabarez. Milan get a hard slap their worst defeat in Serie A, humiliated by Juventus FC in their own homes the San Siro with a score of 1-4. Milan buy some new players like Ibrahim Ba, Christophe Dugarry and Edgar Davids. Milan fought hard and end the 1996-1997 season ranked eleventh in Serie A.

1997-1998

Sacchi was replaced by Capello next season. Capello, who signed a new contract with Milan recruit a lot of potential players such as Christian Ziege, Patrick Kluivert, Jesper Blomqvist, and Leonardo, but the results are equally bad with the previous season. Ended their 1997-1998 season ranked tenth. This result is still not acceptable to the officials of Milan, and like Sacchi, Capello was sacked.


1998-1999

In their search for a new manager, Alberto Zaccheroni attract the attention of Milan. Zaccheroni is Udinese manager who had ended the 1997-1998 season ranked high in 3rd place. Milan Zaccheroni contracted with two players from Udinese, Oliver Bierhoff and Thomas Helveg. Milan also signed Roberto Ayala, Luigi Sala and Andres Guglielminpietro and with Zaccheroni favorite 3-4-3 formation, bringing the club win the scudetto Zaccheroni of the 16th returned to Milan. Starting XI is: Christian Abbiati; Luigi Sala, Alessandro Costacurta, Paolo Maldini; Thomas Helveg, Demetrio Albertini, Massimo Ambrosini, Andres Guglielminpietro, Zvonimir Boban, George Weah, Oliver Bierhoff.


1999-2000

Although successful in previous seasons, failed to transform Milan Zaccheroni such as The Dream Team first. In the next season, despite the emergence of Ukraine striker Andriy Shevchenko, Milan's disappointing their fans both in the 1999-2000 UEFA Champions League or Serie A. Milan out of Champions League early, only to win one of six matches (three draws and two loses) and end the 1999-2000 season in 3rd place. Milan does not become a challenge for the scudetto two competitors at the time, SS Lazio and Juventus.

2000-2001

In the following season, Milan qualify for the 2000-2001 UEFA Champions League after beating Dinamo Zagreb 9-1 aggregate. Milan started the Champions League with a high spirit, beat Besiktas JK from Turkey and Spanish giants FC Barcelona, ​​which at that time consisted of world-class international superstars, Rivaldo and Patrick Kluivert. But Milan's performance began to decline seriously, the series against a team (which is seen as a small / weak technically to Milan), especially losing 2-1 by Juventus in Serie A and 1-0 to Leeds United. In the Champions League second round, Milan only won once and drawn four times. They failed to beat Deportivo de La Coruña of Spain in the final game and Zaccheroni fired. Cesare Maldini, father of team captain Paolo, elected and things get better soon. Maldini's official coaching debut in Milan starts with win 6-0 over U.S. Bari, who still have the young guns, Antonio Cassano. It was also under the leadership of Maldini that Milan derby defeat arch-rivals Internazionale with incredible score 6-0, a score that is never repeated and where Serginho starring in the game. However, after this peak shape, Milan started to lose again, including a disappointing 1-0 defeat to Vicenza Calcio, with the only goal in the match scored by a Luca Toni. Apart from this result, the board of directors insisted that Milan Milan reach fourth place in the league at the end of the season, but Maldini failed and the team ended up in sixth place.


2001-2002

Milan started the season 2000-2001 with the signing of the contract more star players including Cosmin Contra and Javi Moreno who took Deportivo Alavés UEFA Cup finals. They also signed a Kakha Kaladze (from Dynamo Kyiv), Rui Costa (from AC Fiorentina), Filippo Inzaghi (Juventus), Martin Laursen (from Hellas Verona), Jon Dahl Tomasson (from Feyenoord), Umit Davala (from Galatasaray) and Andrea Pirlo (from Inter Milan). Fatih Terim was appointed as manager, replacing Cesare Maldini, and quite successful. However, after five months at the club, Milan is not in the top five league and Terim was fired for failing to meet the expectations of directors.


Ancelotti era

 Terim replaced by Carlo Ancelotti, despite rumors that Franco Baresi will become the new manager. Despite the injury problems defender Paolo Maldini, Ancelotti managed and ended the season ranked fourth in 2001-02, the last place in the Champions League. Starting XI at the time was Christian Abbiati; Cosmin Contra, Alessandro Costacurta, Martin Laursen, Kakha Kaladze, Gennaro Gattuso, Demetrio Albertini, Serginho; Manuel Rui Costa, Andriy Shevchenko, Filippo Inzaghi. Ancelotti took Milan won the Champions League title in 2002/2003 season when they beat Juventus on penalties through drama in Manchester, England. Milan was the last time prestisus earned by winning the Italian League champions in 2003/2004 season while striker Andriy Shevchenko put as top scorer in the Italian League, then the rossoneri-even more feared.



Tides 2006-2008

In the Italian League Serie A 2006/2007, Milan associated with Calciopoli scandal that resulted in the club must start the competition with a reduction of 8 points. Even so, the Italian public still proud because in the midst of the destruction of the image of Italian football from Calciopoli, Milan managed to win the football competition of the most prestigious in the world, the Champions League. Results were obtained after Milan beat Liverpool 2-1 through two goals from Filippo Inzaghi. Complete the revenge even this degree of Milan lost on penalties to Liverpool two years ago. Title scorer terbanyakpun disabet genius player Milan, Kaká to notch 10 goals. In mid-season, Milan's best players the world bring in former, Ronaldo from Real Madrid to strengthen their attacking fleet after the young striker Marco Borriello been convicted of doping. 2007/2008 season, Milan had to play in the UEFA Cup competition after only managed to rank-5 under Fiorentina with 2 points difference. In the last Serie A, Milan's 4-1 win over Udinese, but at the same time, also win over Torino Fiorentina 1-0 second place team that finally there was no change. To improve performance in the following season (2008/2009), Milan buy some new players, including Mathieu Flamini from Arsenal, and Gianluca Zambrotta and Ronaldinho, who both come from Barcelona. In half of the 2008/2009 season transfers, bring David Beckham to Milan on loan from the United States soccer club LA Galaxy.


Post-Ancelotti


Leonardo Era

At the end of the 2008/2009 season, Milan is ranked 3rd Serie A league standings, two ranks below rivals, Internazionale who won the scudetto and under Juventus. To improve this unsatisfactory result, Milan brought a young coach and former Milan player of the 90s era, Leonardo to replace the previous Milan coach Ancelotti who "moved to London", to be precise club Chelsea FC. Milan also was forced to release several players, among others:

* Kaka move to Real Madrid. The value of ± 67 million Euro transfer
* Paolo Maldini, Milan's legendary defender has decided to retire
* Yoann Gourcuff, decided to stay in Bordeaux.

The biggest problem is annoying is the transfer of the Milan players who always think twice about spending money to buy a player. In July and August 2009, Milan get two new players, that is Oguchi Onyewu, who is a former Standard Liège defender on a free transfer and Klaas-Jan Huntelaar former Real Madrid striker with a contract value of 14.7 million Euros. However, results in getting Milan in pre-season tournament reap many disappointments, newer players handed down by Milan at the time of pre-season tour only because Huntelaar Oguchi Onyewu just joined in August.

Milan started the 2009/2010 season with unsatisfactory results. Started when Milan won 2-2 draw against the Los Angeles Galaxy, etc., Milan continued to reap the negative results. Milan mired in the Champions World Football Challange 2009. In the event the Audi Cup, Milan also defeated by Bayern Munich with a score of 1-4. In fact, when facing derby August 30, 2009 against Internazionale at San Siro, Milan's embarrassing defeat by a score of 0-4, while Inter's biggest record-breaking victory at the San Siro.

Mid-October 2009, the assessment of the various parties about the performance of Leonardo as a coach who had been on the lowest point due to a series of poor performance, starting with the success of Leonardo terdongkrak lead Milan beat AS Roma 2-1 at San Siro. After the victory, Milan also reaped positive results in the Santiago Bernabéu Stadium with a dramatic victory over Real Madrid 3-2. And after that, Milan again reap victory over Chievo Verona at the Stadio Marc'Antonio Bentegodi, Chievo cage, a score of 2-1 to AC Milan's victory. On November 1, 2009, Milan defeated Parma FC at the San Siro Milan 2-0 at the same time deliver to the rank 4 standings (Zone Champions League final). On 19 November 2009, Juventus FC 0-2 defeat from Cagliari to make Milan was runner-up position under Internazionale; because, a few hours after the defeat of Juventus, Milan won the match with Catania, 2-0.

Entering the end of the Serie A season in April 2010, Milan, who was ranked third and the difference is only 4 points of the first rank kelasemen AS Roma, and only 1 point with second place Inter Milan. But in the end Milan must submit himself twice in a row from Sampdoria 2-1, and from Palermo with a score of 3-1. With the defeat, the dream of Milan to clinch the title this season vanished. In the last game at giornata Serie A 2009/2010 between Milan against Juventus, AC Milan beat Juventus Leonardo lead 3-0 at San Siro, while giving his final contribution to the rossoneri, and announced that he would stop train Milan for next season. Since the resignation of Leonardo, a lot of speculation that the opinion about the new coach of Milan, but on June 25, 2010, in Milan announced a surprise party to select new coach Massimiliano Allegri as Milan.

Allegri Era

2010/2011 season, Milan led by Massimiliano Allegri, with a variety of updates ranging from the sponsor (bwin.com replaced Emirates), to the line of players. At the end of the transfer market, bringing a surprisingly Milan from FC Zlatan Ibrahimovic Barcelona (with an option to purchase loans and 24 million euros at the end of the season), and Robinho of Manchester City.

History Of Bowling And All About Bowling

The archaeologists discovered bowling balls, pins and other equipment at the funeral of children aged Egypt 5200 BC. Darisana known that the Egyptians have known and played bowling since many centuries ago. Meanwhile in Germany, there are dances and celebrations in the game similar to bowling. They mengelindingkan stone for about nine wooden sticks called keglers.Para bowling players in Germany so far is sometimes still called the pin as keglers.

Bowling found in Britain in the early years 1100an. In the Netherlands, the people also played a game similar to bowling. Is the Dutch who brought this sport to America in the 1600s. The game was then called the 'Dutch pins'. In a city now called New York City, Dutch residents play bowling in the area of ​​town known as the 'Bowling Green'.

In America alone, bowling game became very popular. However, there were times where people begin to gamble for this game. For some time, bowling was seen as a sort of crime. State of Connecticut and then issue a regulation on 'bowling at nine pins'. The residents then add a pin and darisinilah beginning bowling game with 10 pins. In the mid-1990s, the sport once again accepted as part of family recreation.

Along with the growing popularity of bowling game, the standard for determining the rules of the game need to be enforced. Most of the bowling lane did not have a standard for pin size and weight or size and weight of the ball. Furthermore, The American Bowling Congress was formed in 1895 to create standard rules of the game in the bowling industry.

Long History

Travel can be a bit of history unfold, Bowling games involving balls and 10 pieces of these pins turned out to have a long history. from a British anthropologist, Sir Flinders Petrie, who discovered the origin of the game of bowling in an ancient tomb in Egypt. When the discovery in 1930 was correct, then bowling has arguably existed since 3200 years before Christ. Apart from Sir Flinders Petrie, a German historian William Pehle, said that bowling originated from Germany (yr 300). Besides Germany, the UK also became one of the country where the game became popular. Beginning in the year 1366, this game only became popular when the reign of King Henry VIII. At that time, they are still using 9 pin pieces.

Immigrants from Britain, the Netherlands and Germany is then brought their variations of bowling to America. This game is experiencing the highs and lows in the U.S.. In 1841, the law in Connecticut states track bowling as something illegal. This happens because when it mugkin bowling identified with gambling. But it seems that popularity can not be resisted, because although illegal, some people put the track bowling in their homes.

When exactly bowling game with 10 pieces of pin start there? Actually no one knows for sure. But in the late 1800s this game already finished the regular game dimainin in New York, Ohio and even had to in Illinois. It was the size of the ball and the pin is still very diverse. But all that changed when Joe Thum ngebuat representative for regional bowling clubs. September 9, 1895, at Beethoven Hall (New York City), was born the American Bowling Congress. From this was born the standardization of the billiards game.

In a period of more or less the same, bowling technology began to move forward. Previous bowling ball is made of primarily lignum vitae, a type of wood is very hard. But in 1905, introduced the first rubber ball Evertrue. Brunswick Corporation in 1914 was very successful in promoting the ball Mineralite with secrecy of the author and just say Mineralite as "mysterious rubber compound". In 1951, the discovery of new technologies succeed in changing the face of the game of bowling when the American Machine and Foundry Company patents to control machines Gottfried Schmidt's automatic pin. At the end of 1952 pinspotters machine mass produced and the pinboys (who served ngeberesin pin)'ve diperluin guns again.

The rise of technology and impact on the inclusion of bowling in the world of American TV in 1950, since then the skyrocketing popularity of bowling. One of the first bowling broadcast by major TV stasuin NBC broadcast of "Championship Bowling". The popularity of the climb to the kinds of events "Make That Spare", "Celebrity Bowling", and "Bowling For Dollars." In 1961, ABC be the first station featuring games Pro Bowlers Association. To date, 95 million people in more than 90 countries enjoy the game of bowling and under the Federation Nationale des Quilleurs (FIQ) bowling athletes to compete with world-class.

Bowling Tips And Tricks

We're going for beginner-to tips from Bob Strickland, a pebowling since 1958, and members of pro bowling since 1978. This time around the election of his tips is the right ball.

If you happen to not have their own ball. No need to get discouraged because the places are usually already provided bowling balls. Well let me not confused thinking about 'the ball where it should I wear?', See aja beginner tips from Bob Strickland. These places generally provide bowling balls bowling with a variety of sizes. Usually the ball is a ball provided weighing 4.5 kg to 8 kg. Medium size hand hole diameter will usually follow heavy size ball. As for the size of the hole spacing to mash each finger has the same size.

Now keep in mind is to select a ball that fits in your hand. How to tell if the ball fits in the hand?
Make sure the hole to fit the thumb with the fingers. Insert the thumb and you should feel a whole wall of the ball, but at the same time you still can play and move the thumb in the hole.
After finding the right finger holes, see also the distance of the middle finger hole. With the position of the thumb is still in the hole, point the middle finger to middle finger hole (do not insert your finger.) When measured, the distance the most appropriate is the first book about the size of the middle finger.
After that try to enter the middle finger and ring finger into the hole, respectively, should the finger you can enter easily and fit up to 2 knuckles.

If the ball is just right in hand, try to find the appropriate weights, use both hands, place one hand on the ball and the one below. Stretch arms forward and try to stay straight. If you successfully held the ball for 5 seconds without shaking, that means ball light enough to be controlled. If only 2 seconds and already shaky, search aja another ball which is lighter! Than sorry for the hand aches after 2 tosses.

Now you've found the right ball, and the next challenge is how to throw the ball and successfully dropped 10 pins!

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All About Basketball

Basketball is a sport ball which comprises a group of two-member teams each playing each other five people who score points by inserting the ball into the opponent's basket. Basketball is perfect to watch because usually played in the gym is closed and only requires a relatively small field. Additionally, basketball is easy to learn because it forms a large ball, so it does not reflect or complicate the player when throwing the ball.

History 

Basketball is considered as a unique sport because it was created by accident by a gym teacher. In 1891, Dr. James Naismith, a Canadian sports teacher who taught at a college for professional students at the YMCA Springfield, Massachusetts, had to make a game in an enclosed space to fill time students during winter break in New England.Terinspirasi of the game he ever played as a child in Ontario, Naismith created the game now known as a basketball on December 15, 1891.

According to the story, after rejecting several ideas as too harsh and not suitable to be played at the stadium-arena is closed, he then writes a few basic rules, put a basket on the wall of the gym space, and asking students to start playing the game that his creation.

Official basketball game of the first, held on January 20, 1892 in the workplace Dr.James Naismith.Basket is a name spoken by one of his pupils. This sport became immediately famous throughout the United States. Fans placed in all branches in the United States. The match immediately after the game was held in cities across the U.S. states.

Initially, each team of nine people and no dribble, so the ball can only move through the throw. The history of regulation basketball game begins from 13 basic rules written by James Naismith. The basic rule is as follows.

1. The ball can be thrown in any direction by using one or both hands.

2. The ball can be hit in any direction by using one or both hands, but should not be beaten using fists (punching).

3. Players are not allowed to run while holding the ball. Players must throw the ball in from the point where receiving the ball, but if players are allowed to run at normal speed.

4. The ball must be held within or between your palms. Arms or other body members are not allowed to hold the ball.

5. Players are not allowed butting, holding, pushing, hitting an opponent with a deliberate manner. The first violation of this rule will be counted as an error, a second violation will be given the sanction of disqualification of offenders player until his team basket ball penetrated by the opponent, and if the offense was committed with the purpose to injure your opponent, then the offender will be punished players should not play along match. At this time, no substitutions allowed.

6. A mistake was made when the players hit the ball with fists (punching), in violation of rules 3 and 4, and violated the things mentioned in rule 5.

7. If one party made three consecutive errors, then the error will be counted as a goal for the opponents (consecutive means without the offense back by the opponent).

8. Goal occurs when the ball is thrown or beaten from the field into the basket, in this case the player guarding the basket does not touch or disturb the goal. When the ball stopped on the edge of the basket or the opposing players move the cart, then it will not be counted as a goal.

9. If the ball out of the field matches, the ball will be thrown back in and played by the first player to touch it. If there is a difference of opinion regarding the ownership of the ball, the referee who will throw it into the field. the player who throws the ball given 5 seconds to throw the ball. If he held longer than the time, the ownership of the ball will move. When one party to do things that can postpone the match, then the referee can give them a warning of violations.

10. The referee is entitled to consider the game the players and record the number of violations and told the assistant referee in case of violation in a row. The referee has the full right to provide a disqualification player who commits an offense in accordance with the rules stated in 5.

11. Assistant referee noticed the ball and make a decision when the ball is considered out of the field, the change of ownership of the ball, as well as timing. Assistant referee is entitled to determine the legitimacy of a goal and count the number of goals happen.

12. When the match is 4 rounds each 10 minutes

13. Parties who managed to enter the most goals will be declared the winner.


Field, time, and the number of basketball players


Basketball game is the rectangle with a length field that is 26 meters and width of the field that is 14 meters. The three circles contained in the basketball court has long fingers that is 1.80 meters.

The number of players in a basketball game are 5 people in a squad with reserves of 5 people. While the number of referees in the game of basketball is 2. Referee 1 Referee and the referee called 2 is called Umpire.

Left 4 X 10 minutes game. In between rounds 1, 2, 3, and stage 4 there is a break for 10 minutes. In the event of the same score at the end of extra time the match should be held until there is difference score. In between the two extra rounds contained a break for 2 minutes. Time to throw in the 5 seconds.

Circumference of the ball used in basketball game is 75 cm - 78 cm. While the ball weight is 600-650 grams. If the ball is dropped from a height of 1.80 meters on the floor board, then the ball should come back at a height of between 1.20 to 1.40 meters.

The length of the outer reflective board is 1.80 meters wide while the outer reflective board is 1.20 meters. And the length of the inner reflective board is 0.59 meters wide while the inner reflective board is 0.45 meters.

Distance floor to the bottom of the reflective board is 2.75 meters. While the board reflecting the lower distance to the basketball hoop is 0.30 meters. Basketball hoop has a length of 0.40 meters. While the underpinnings distance to the finish line is 1 meter.

Long diameter circle on a basketball court is 1.80 meters with line widths of 0.05 meters. The length of the final line of attack area circle that is 6 meters. While the penalty shot line length of 3.60 meters.


The basic rule on Basketball games are as follows:

* The ball can be thrown in any direction by using one or both hands.

* The ball can be hit in any direction by using one or both hands, but should not be beaten using fists (punching).

* Players are not allowed to run while holding the ball. Players must throw the ball in from the point where receiving the ball, but if players are allowed to run at normal speed.

* The ball must be held within or between your palms. Arms or other body members are not allowed to hold the ball.

* Players are not allowed butting, holding, pushing, hitting, or tackle an opponent in any manner whatsoever. The first violation of this rule will be counted as an error, a second violation will be sanctioned in the form of a player disqualification of offenders to the basket ball team entered by the opponent, and if the offense was committed with the purpose to injure opponents, then players will be punished offenders should not come into play throughout the match . At this time, no substitutions allowed.

* A mistake was made when the players hit the ball with fists (punching), in violation of rules 3 and 4, and violated the things mentioned in rule 5.

* If one side made three consecutive errors, then the error will be counted as a goal for the opponents (consecutive means without the offense back by the opponent).

* Gol occurs when the ball is thrown or beaten from the field into the basket, in this case the player guarding the basket does not touch or disturb the goal. When the ball stopped on the edge of the basket or the opposing players move the cart, then it will not be counted as a goal.


* If the ball out of the field matches, the ball will be thrown back in and played by the first player to touch it. If there is a difference of opinion regarding the ownership of the ball, then wasitlah who will throw it into the field. Ball pitchers are given 5 seconds to throw the ball in his hands. If he held longer than the time, the ownership of the ball will move. When one party to do things that can postpone the match, then the referee can give them a warning of violations.

* The referee has the right to pay attention to the game the players and record the number of violations and told the assistant referee in case of violation in a row. The referee has the full right to provide a disqualification player who commits an offense in accordance with the rules stated in 5.

* The referee assistant noticed the ball and make a decision when the ball is considered out of the field, the change of ownership of the ball, as well as timing. Assistant referee is entitled to determine the legitimacy of a goal and count the number of goals happen.

* When the game is 4 quarters each 10 minutes

* Person who managed to enter the most goals will be declared the winner.

Basic techniques of basketball game

How to hold a basketball is the attitude of the hands form a large bowl. The ball was among the palms. The palm of the hand attached to the side of the ball slightly back, outstretched fingers attached to the ball. Thumb is located close to the body in the back of the ball facing the direction of the center front. The two legs form the horses with one foot in front. Body bent slightly forward and knees relaxed.

In capturing the ball must be considered for the ball is in control. The ball picked up the palm of the hand with fingers outstretched and wrists relaxed. When the ball go between his palms, fingers attached to the ball and immediately pulled back or follow the direction of the ball. Catch the ball (catching ball) consists of two kinds of ways to catch the ball above your head and catch boka in front of chest.

Pass or throw the ball consisted of three ways of throwing the ball over the head (over-head pass), throw the ball from the front of the chest (chest pass) is performed from the chest to chest with a quick in the game, and threw the ball bounced off the ground or floor ( bounce pass).

Dribbling (dribbling ball) is an attempt to bring the ball forward. The trick is to bounce the ball to the floor-with one hand. When the ball moves into the palm of the hand attached to the ball and follow the direction of the ball. Press the ball when it reaches the highest point towards the bottom with a little straightening elbow followed by the flexibility of the wrist. Dribbling the ball in a basketball game can be divided into two ways, namely dribble dribble low and high. Low dribble aims to protect the ball out of reach of the opponent. High dribble made to hold fast to attack the opponent's defense area.

Pivot is an attempt to save the ball from the reach of the opponent with one leg as an axis, while the other leg can rotate 360 ​​degrees.

Shooting is an attempt to enter the ball into the basket or the basket opponent to gain points. In doing this shooting can be done in two ways, namely by shooting with two hands and shooting with one hand.

Lay-up is an attempt to enter the ball to the basket ring or basketball with two steps and jumped up to gain points. Lay-ups are also called flying shots.

professional basketball game Technique

* Fade Away

Fade Away is a technique that encourages the body backward while doing shoot, making it difficult for defenders to block the ball. This technique is quite difficult for new players learn basketball. If the balance is not maintained body might bounced and fell backward. NBA players who often use this technique is the basketball legends like Michael Jordan and Kobe Bryant.


* Hook Shoot

Hook is a very effective technique if the player is maintained by people who are taller than the players. Namely how to shoot from the side with one hand. So the distance between the person and player bias block some distance away. Later this technique is often used by Rony Gunawan Satria Muda Britama time against Garuda Bandung in the Final of 2009, and achieve the 80% accuracy.

* Jump Shoot

The technique takes high jump, and shot a good accuracy.

* crossover

is how to dribble a manner reflecting the ball from left hand to right hand or vice versa. usually has a lot on improvisation techniques in a way reflecting ball in the crevice between the feet (most international players are already using this technique) or the back foot (which most often use this technique is Jamal Crawford - Atlanta Hawks)


* Slamdunk

Slamdunk is one of the most popular technique. Actually quite simple, that is just entering the ball directly into the ring and threw hand basket. Although simple, but for those with 171 cm tall slam like this is almost impossible to do because it does not jump high enough.